Diabetes and heart diseases closely linked

PAKISTAN Society of Interventional Cardiology (PSIC) President Prof Dr Nadeem Hayat Mallick has said the diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are closely linked with each other because 70 per cent patients of diabetes will ultimately die of heart diseases or related complications. He was addressing the participants of a workshop on “Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases” under 13th Continued Medical Education (CME) Programme organized by Department of Research and CME, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, at Institute’s Auditorium on Friday. The workshop was a part of the 2nd International Conference on “Diabetes Mellitus” organized by Department of Medicine, King Edward Medical University, in Lahore from April 25 to 27. Dr Nadeem Hayat Mallick, Professor of Cardiology and Convener/Course Director, said the incidence of diabetes was growing globally as well as at Pakistan level, therefore, the number of young patients with heart diseases was also growing proportionately. He said “if a patient is diagnosed with diabetes then he/she be given treatment for preventing heart diseases or related complications instead of waiting for heart stroke to happen. As soon as the patient is diagnosed with diabetes, whether he/she carries heart disease or not, then he/she must also be started medication for heart diseases in addition to regular treatment of diabetes. Diabetes means heart diseases,” he emphasized. Pointing out causes of diabetes, he said the diabetes, besides being a genetically acquired disease, was also caused by lack of exercise, weight increase, bad eating habits, high blood pressure and high cholesterol which must be taken care of to avoid diabetes from the lives of the people. Regarding the workshop, he said the purpose was not only to increase the awareness of this deadly disease but also to finalize recommendations for treatment of diabetic patients with heart diseases with special emphasis on angioplasty, bypass surgery and medical therapy. Besides, Head of PIC Prof Dr Jawad Sajid Khan, Prof Muhammad Azhar, Prof Raja Pervaiz Akhtar, Dr Ijaz Ahmad, Dr Shahid Amin, Dr Saqib Shafi and Dr Bilal Mohaiyuddin were among the other speakers at the workshop which included lectures, discussions and interactive angiographic video sessions where general practitioners interacted with specialists in the field of cardiology.

Belladonna

Belladonna is an herb that has been used for centuries for a variety of indications, including headache, menstrual symptoms, peptic ulcer disease, inflammation, and motion sickness. Belladonna is known to contain active agents with anticholinergic properties, such as the tropane alkaloids atropine, hyoscine (scopolamine) and hyoscyamine.
There are few available studies of belladonna alone for any indication. Most research has evaluated belladonna in combination with other agents such as ergot alkaloids or barbiturates, or in homeopathic (diluted) preparations. Preliminary evidence suggests possible efficacy in combination with barbiturates for the management of symptoms associated with irritable bowel syndrome. However, there is currently insufficient scientific evidence regarding the use of belladonna for this or any other indication.
Common adverse effects include dry mouth, urinary retention, flushing, papillary dilation, constipation, confusion and delirium. Many of these effects may occur at therapeutic doses

Heart Diseases

lso called: Cardiac disease
If you're like most people, you think that heart disease is a problem for other folks. But heart disease is the number one killer in the U.S. It is also a major cause of disability. There are many different forms of heart disease. The most common cause of heart disease is narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart itself. This is called coronary artery disease and happens slowly over time. It's the major reason people have heart attacks.
Other kinds of heart problems may happen to the valves in the heart, or the heart may not pump well and cause heart failure. Some people are born with heart disease.

Atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation in WPW syndrome with accessory pathway conduction. Left:Sinus rhythm with a typical preexcitation pattern.Right:Accessory pathway conduction during atrial fibrillation.The QRS has shifted to the left,and the ventricular rhythm is now irregular at a rate in excess of 200 per minute.

Paroxysmal supravevtricular tachycardia

Paroxysmal supravevtricular tachycardia due to AV nodal reentry. Narrow complexes with ST segment depression are seen in the upper panel. In the lower panel, adenosine, 6mg intravenously, terminates the tachycardia with immediate return of the ST-T WAVE pattern to normal.

1. AV Nodal Reentry Tracts

Mechanism of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) due to AV nodal reentry. PSVT due to AV nodal reentry is due to the presence of dual AV nodal pathways with different conduction properties and refractory periods (unable to be stimulated by atrial impulse due to transient altered electro-chemical changes). These pathways have critical components in the atrial approaches to the AV node.A. During sinus rhythm in the presence of dual AV nodal pathway the fast pathway (with a longer refractory period) is primarily responsible for AV transmission because of slower propagation in the other pathway. B. A premature atrial impulse blocks in the fast pathway because of its longer refractory period and propagates down the slow pathway, prolonging the PR interval and allowing retrograde invasion of the fast pathway because its tissue remains polarized because of the block of the descending impulse. C. Echo beats or Av nodal reentrant tachycardia will occur when the time relationships between slow pathway conduction and recovery of excitability at the site of block in the fast pathway allow the impulse to reenter the slow pathway after retrograde fast pathway transmission. The atria are also activated retrogradely. Radiofrequency energy for slow pathway, ablation therapy is applied at the site indicated by the asterisk.